My Service

(CONSERVATION OF GENETIC DIVERSITY AND SUNSTENANCE OF ENVIRONMENT)

K. HLIESA (BIOTECHNOLOGY)

Biehmiapa (Introduction)

Ti nata Thli he hmo hrohneipa zydua chata a peimaw chaipa hmobaozy ama cha, khizaw a hmasiena hawta, keimo chysazy vata eima chheipa ti nata thli zy pathai leina lata a pangai lyma  hawba. Eima chheipa pathai leina he hmo hrohneipa zydua chata hmôpha leipa hlupi a tlo kheipa a cha. Eima chheipa pathai leina (polution) a tlo kheipa sapali zy cha: -

1.    Khawta raihriana tawta a pualeipa thy chakhy hlutuna. (The product of material as a result of industrial process. These may be released into the atmosphere or discharged into stream or river.)

2.    Chemical lachhâ chamai thohna hma hlutuna. (The wide spread use of chemical pesticide and week killer)

3.    Radioactive hmôbaozy papuana. (The production of radioactive metarials.)

4.    Apha khao leipa hmobaozy, a pahmao pakhyna. (The progressive accumulation of wastes)

Atahma chha liata nuclear thaza hmana tawta a pualeipa (radioactive), khaw tawta meikhu (CO2) nata chysazy thypa hmôbao pualeina zy vata ti nata thli (zizah) zy pathai leina, khichah (climate) dô khao leina , avapi dâh (ozone) raokeina, lyurâh obao (Ecosystem) chypaona, hmosopa zy chha via lymana, thokô ri- kô sônahpa nata hrona a hneipa chitozy chhakhu lyma pata, hmopha leipa chhao eima ty lyma.

1.      Khizaw Râhlozy  A Pachhaina (Continental Drift Theory)

Atano taita, khizaw he y molo leipata  a pathlai lyma ta, a pathlaina chhao chha thai hra vei. Hlano Palepzoic chha daiti (B.C 4600- 270) million years, liata khizaw he râhlozy (continents) ta a pachhai leipa ta alei tlo lai  ngaitahpa
(Pagaea) tahpa ta pahnopa a cha. Daitizy a vaw rei via lai nata dusatah ta a vaw pachhai pathlahpa ta atano ta râhlozy su chyu heta a vaw pha chyupa ama vaw cha. (Geologist Wegner- 1915). Apaw a pawpa thokôzy vaw y hlata khizaw he chhôla “Gondwand land “nata” laurasia the sister land” tahpata pachhaipa a cha. Achha daiti cha the Devonia and Rermain” chha (B.C 400- 270) million years (Alex -1 Dutoit 1937). He chana he ei vaw sai tita Khazopa ta khizaw ataona he patloma vei tapa pachana eina pahneisa. Khizaw liata hrona he B.C (4500.00 million years) rachhoh liata a vaw thao tua chai awhpata pangiasapa a cha (Monerams, Simple Protests). Chysapa vaw pathlana he phothota pachhaipa chata sakhana; chysa chi pathlatupazy (Human ancestors) B.C 7 million years sanona; chysa hmiatuapa (Early human) B.C (2.5 million), sathona; chhathhie chysa (Modern human, Modern plants and animals) zy he B.C (0.01 million years, B.C 10000) liata a vawpua pata pangiasapa a cha.

He bietla nata a pazaopa ta Hrona chhôpahlôpa (Biosphere), Lyurâh obao (Ecosystem), Apaina (Migration) nata Chipathlana (Genetic) thatizy he, a chytah ei vaw palasa.

i. Hrona Chhôpahlôpa (Biosphere)

Hrona chhôpahlôpa cha khizaw pachhaipa chata a chhô liata hmo hrohneipa hlupi a pahra, (The Biosphere is the parts of the earth that contain living Organisms.) Kilo meters, (8-10) chola a laipa (a kawpa) khizaw kaora (area) chata alei ry lata meters chyta a thuna taita a cha. Hrona chhôpahlôpa nata a pazaopa ta a peimaw kawpazy cha khaina (light), thlibu (atmosphere), khichâ (climate), zizah (wind) nata nokhih (weather) zy a cha. Hrona chhôpahlôpa he a sie haipa khizaw liata no, ziza, tizy, khichazy, a pasie pasana, a thlaithlana nata a zaokhuna raihria a hnei. Hronazy (Biomes) he hmo hrohneipa a zaokhuna sy pahmaopa pahlypazy nata khicha (climate) chhoh liata lyurâh yna su pakawpa ta ama pahra lyma. Hmo hrohneipa sahroh awva, thokô rikô, lova-eva chitozy nata chysapa zypi he hrona chhôpahlôpa liata lyurâh obao hlupi (Various of Ecosystem) hry liata sakha nata sakha a zaokhuna hneina chota hropi ta a laisie chyupa eima cha. Huso theipa chito a chha a parei thei nawpata hrona pachhaipa chito (Biodiversity) cho lia chhaota a pahniepa a cha.

ii. Lyurâh Obao (Ecosystem)

Scientists ta lyurâh obao nata  a pazaopa achuna “Ecology” he vaw chhô pasia chyu eita, sakha ei vaw palasa awh. Lyurâth obao chhô liata hmo hroheipa nata a chheipa a zaokhuna a chuna tapa a cha. (Ecology has been  defined as the study of organism in relation to their environment).

Chheipa (Environment) tapa cha thei thai nawpata chysapa a chadopa hmoto zydua he a cha. Chysapa pi he eima chheipa (environment) liataa pahnie thlahaw pita ti pathaipa, thli pathaipa nata eima nibaw byu chiapazy, hmobyu sônahpazy he, eima chheipa tawta eima hmo thei. Chysapa a pachhai thla hawpa, ti pathai leina, thli pualeina, lyurâh chypaona zy vata alei phapazy chhakhuna, râhchawpa (desert) kaw via lymana, thokô rikô pawpi pawvo, a ki azy, pazu pavaw, sahro chi nanopa chitozy leidia ta, pikheipa lyurâh obao raokeina chhao a y via lyma. 1960 rakhta tawta eima chheipa raokeina he thata ala papua pata athaipazy ta ama pahno. Lyurâh obao pachhaipa sapalizy:

1. Thotla lyurâh obao (Terrestials Ecosystem).

2. Ti pahapa lyurâh obao (Fresher water Ecosystem).

3. Ti epa lyurâh obao (Marine Ecosystem)

4. Chysa tao pathipa lyurâh obao (Men engineered or Agricultural)

Thotlah lyurâh obao (Terrestials Ecosystem) cha râh pathopa (râhmapa) (forest), aw (grass land) nata râhchawpa (desert) zy a cha. Ti pahapa lyurâth o bao cha a pazua pahnans suzy nata chavazy, tipozy, tilizy he a cha. Ti epa lyurâh obao cha ti-epa tipozy nata tilaipizy, ralizy he a cha. Chysa tao pathipa lyurâh obaozy cha lyu, leipalie nata sadô, nga pasana tili hawpazy he a cha. Virus sakha hro thei nawpa chata (a red blood cell) thisai hrona chypa sakha heta lyurâh obao tlopa a hnei. Lyurâh obao nata a zao khupa a peimawpazy cha 1. Khichâ nata a pazaona (climate) 2.Alei nata apazaona (Edaphic), 3.Ahnai asa nata a pazaona (Topographic), 4. Hrona nata apazaona (Biotic) zy he a cha. He a zao khuna sapalizy cho lia heta a cho pata hmo hrohneipa chitozy cha ama lyurâh obao liata ama pahra chyu. Chysapa vatlyma, khichâ dô leina vatlyma, pahrana su raokeina nata a ty hawkhia cha leidiana lata ama pangai lyma.

iii. Apaina (Migration)

Hmo hrohneipa chitozy he pahrana su thiepa tlua pata ama pai (ama paly), lyma. Apai tana cha chi sakha pahra tuana su tawta su hro lata pahra tuana a cha. Apai chhana chino a y 1. Chhôla a thlaina (Extrinsic cause “Evolution”). 2. Hawkhola a thlaina (Extrinsic cause change in Envrionments.)

Hmo hrohneipazy chha parei thei nawpa chata raihria peimawpa sano hmo theipa a cha 1. Thokô nata sahrô chitozy heta khizaw kaorah (area) nanopazy he a pachhai. 2. Hmo hrohneipazy mo pata, khizaw pachhaipa nanopa thotla sypahmaopa he su chyta lazy ta pachhai theipa a cha (or) lyurâh thoti ramaw cho liata hronazy he a pahnei. He hrona lyurâh pakawpazy he rahzaw (continent) sakha saita pakha hlei vei.

iv. Chipathlana (Genetic)

Chysapa nata hmo hrohneipa chito chi nanona he chi pathlana nanonapa (Genetic Diversity) mo pata eima pahno pasia theipa chata pahrana su liata chipopa (population) chhô liata pathla zie nanopa yzie hawta hmo hrohneipa chi pathlazy he pachhai theipa a cha. Chi pathla zie thabypa (thabiapa) sano a y, sakhana  pikheipa (natural) sahro nata thokô zy chito chi pathlana nata sanona ahna lasi theilapa, thothei hiahru “vegetable” nata sahro awhva chi pathlanazy a cha. Atano khizaw hma asiena hawta chysazy noto khisa toti nido chata avei a phapa theilapazy râhchawpa a dyu theipa ahna lasi nata sahro awhvazy he a vawngia via lyma hawba ta, scientists chhaota hria pasa lyma pata chhôkha a chapa thokô (or) sahrozy chi pahly (hybird) pata chi pathla theipa papua lyma eita râhchy baohrupa liata chi pathla thiepazy ama pabi lyma. He chhao he chi pathlazy hrobiena tawta lyurâh obao pabosana a chahra. Pi kheipa chi pathlazy he ano nata chi yzei hawta vaw pathla ta chahrasala daitizy varopi a vaw sie nata a chheipa raihria vazy ta dusata ta a pathla zie avaw pathlai thei, mongyu reita (evolution) ama tah. Dusata ta a chhakhu lymapa hmo hrohneipa chitozy a lie pathla lei nawpata a phapa ta hrobie awhpa he a byu hmeiseipa a cha, lyurâh obao a parao theichaipa cha chysapa zy chapi ta  Khazopa hmotaopa hrao leita eima pachasa hlu ngasa. Atahma hrona la a thaipa hrona thabiapa sapali cho liata taona awhpa a lai chadai pata hrobie awhpa ama zao lyma

1. Chito ananona (Species Deversity)

2.  Chi pathla ananona (Genetic Deversity)

3.  Lyurâh obao ananona   (Ecosystem Deversity)

4.  Chichie bialo ananona (Agro- Biodiverstiy) zy ha a cha.

Hrona chi zydua he ano nata chi chana chhôla tawta a patupa, pathlana (gene) a thlaina nata chi pathlazy a zao khuna dei cha leipa ta hrona raihria (metabolism) chana chhao hmo theipa a cha. Hmo hrohneipa zydua he chysapa nata a chheipa raihria ananoana vata a pathlai thei lyma. Lyurâth obao (Ecosystem) sakha chhoh liata chi a zao khuna  raihria chhao he thata, a thuta hrona chito a pachhai rairipa dei chaleipa ta hrona hneileipa khicha (Climate), râhzawh (Geographical) y tudazy a patu pakiena vata ananopazy chhao ama y  hra. Chichie bialo a vei a pha leipa he hriezy va deita chaleipa ta a chheipa pakha tupa hlupi a y hra.

2. UNO & Lyrâh Obao Pabohsana

UNO chhithana ta 1987 liata ama paduapa khizaw chheipa nata hmasiena py comission tawta bilu tupa, khizaw râh to liata a ypa hrona ananopazy hrobie awhpa a byuzie; a ie pachai ta Asia râh râh palopa (Tropicalzone) liata hrona chi nanopazy a leidia lei newpata hrobie a peimaw zie; 1992 liata UNO tawta Biological Diversity Conference patlopa ta khizaw râh to liata hrona chi nanopazy hrobie awhpa; hrona chitozy a pikheipa hawta hrobie awhpa (Institu Conservation) a pahra tuana tawta a painazy hrobie awhpa (Ensitu Converation) tapa taotia dazy ta a phapa ta hrobie a peimaw ziezy chhao ama phua hra. December 29, no (International day for Biological diversity) he khizaw hrona chi nanopazy hrobie nohta raopa a cha. Khizaw liata râh (159) zy ta, hrona chito chi nanopa khosena (Conservation of Biological Diversity) ama tapa hrona chito chi nanopazy hrobiena natlahna bietaina cha June 1992, Brazil râh Riode Janeiro khipi liata ama patlopa UNO chheipa nata hmasiena Conference liata mon sai a thupa chata Dec. 29, 1993 no liata chahnao paiepa a cha.

5. Hrona Chito Chi Nanona (Biodiversity)

Hrona chito chi nanona tapa cha, hrona a hneipa zydua ama lyurâh abao chyuta duahmo yzie a nanona a cha. Khizaw lielo nata  a chheipa chha pasi sala a dua parei thei nawpata nata chysazy hro hmaseina a ivia nawpa chata hronachi nanopazy he a lei theileipa ta a byupa a cha. Hrona chito chi nanopazy he a phahnaina raihria eima pahno pasia leipa vata hrôbie a byu ziezy chhao pahno pasia hra leipa pi ta, khizaw râh thokhazy liata thokôzy nata sahrozy a chi chha (lie) khai daihma pata a cha thla haw. He hrona chito chi nanopazy he a lie lai lyma khiata cha “Chysapa nata pikheipa lyurâh obao a ryna chhao he rokei awhta eima khisa totina chhao a raokei lyma awh”,chavata râh tota hrona chito chi nanopazy he a phapa ta khase, hrobie awhpa a piemaw ngasapa nata a byu ngasapa a cha. Khizaw liata hrona chito chi nanopazy he million (5) tawta million (8) tai a pha awhpa pangiasapa chata,(1.5) million deita he moh bie chypa a cha. Hrona chito chi nanopazy khasena he eima tao pa-ie theivei khiata cha ano nata chi pachhai mâ leipa hrona chito chi nanopazy he a phahnana raihrai pahno hma leipa ta chi sahlupizy cha a leidia thla haw awh.

“He hrona chito chi nanopazy he chysapa nata a chheipa a parypa dei cha lei pata nido, abu asaih, thohna taopa, hmobyu hropa hlupi, khawzy chata a byupa hlupi nata sathaw, tho chathli nata atyuna padia hawpa hlupizy chhao he hmo theipa a cha”. Kô tato (charei) ta thokô  nata sahro tawta thohnazy he $ 40 Billion (40000 million) mâ hmo thei lymapa a cha. Thobiena kao la tawta savo, sakizy nata hmosôpa hlupi chhao hmo theipa a cha hra. Chysa chana thati (history) chhao he a lo lata a lie hawpa thokô nata sahrozy a pahmaona su tawta pahno pasia theipa a cha hra. Chysapa chana (Cultural) chhao he pazu pavawzy (history) tawta pahno pasia theipa  a y hra.” Chavata pazu pavaw zy pahrana su lyurâh he ano di pha sala a chhai a nawpa sahro awhva chito chhao a chha a parei thei nawpata hrona chipho a chapa lyurâh thokôzy he hrobie awhpa a byu hmeiseipa a cha.” lyurâh thokôpazy vata  lyurâh hmosopa hmobyuzy eima hmo theipa dei chaleipa ta alei nata tizy pabosana, thlihrapazy tawta pakhana tizy vata raokeina tawta pakhana, khichah phana nata thlihua lialai pathaisana hawpa hmophapa hlupizy he hmo theipa a cha hra.

Khizaw chysa malu ama hlu via lymapa vata râh pathôpazy khipipa lazy nata chichhie bialona suzy ta hma hlu lymapa a cha. Lyurâh tawta tho thao papuana, titona, ti pakhana, khawta raihriana nata losopa thao papuana hawpazy liata thata eima hria papua via lymapa vata palopa râh (Tropical region) râh pathôpazy cha mini sakha chhô liata eka (50) lyma ta a chy via lyma, râhsa a chhai a nauna lyurâh obao chhao he a buavia lyma hra. Lyurâh meikâna, khicha a pathlaina, yna su raokeina, thli, ti. alei pauleina he hrona chi pahlei tupa a cha hra. Lyurâhpa suzy liata chi thiepazy a ngia kheina he a pahra tuapa chizy a pahlei thei hra. Achi achha daihmapa hmo hrohneipa râsan nata thokô rikô, pawpi pawvo zy, ti liata a pahrapa hmo hrohneipa zydau ano tatah raokei leidiana hla ta chysazy vata a chha khupa he thata a hlu viapa a cha. 1980 kô liata ama rei chhilipa châ padyna cha hrona chito chi nanopazy he eima hrobie vei khia, eima tlo awhpa 2015 ko liata 25% cha leidia nawpa duahmo liata a dua thla haw tapa a cha. Chavata, chysazy raihria vata a leidia laihaipa hmo hrohneipa chitozy he khase phakaw awhpa a byu hmei sei.

6. Râhchawpa (Desert)

Râh chhawpa eima ta tita, khizaw kaokih ki charei liata eima sai khiata cha, lei sadi saita a bi thla hawpa (khu thla hawpa) Sahara râchawpa he eima mo thlua liata a vawla thla ha thyu awh. Râhchawpa lia cha ti rai y leipa ta a roaraupa ngaitana, a palo ngaintana lei sadi saita a bi thlapa, no palopa cha mei palie hawta, a chhainnau awhpa nodi phapa ava hnaw he hawpa râhchawpa he nokha nata nokha ta a vaw kaw via lyma khia ta cha khizaw liata a pahrapa chysazy nata hmo hrohneipa zydua he vaduana nata runahnazy eima ty via lyma awh. Atano khizaw kao hrola liata thotla râhzy he râhchawpa lata a lie hawba, râhchawpa (Desert) avaw y chhanazy cha khicha a thlaina, lyurâh thoti ramaw chhakhuna chysa malu hlu via lymana, alei hmada thai leina sahro laobana kawtuna vazy ta pikheipaduahmo raokeina zy he a thaona  a cha. Râhchawpa liatacha chichie bielo a vei pha thai khao leipa ta, alei pahapazy chha via lyma ta, thothei hiahru ahna lasizy lonawpa suzy vawso via lyma pata, sahrozy chata alaobana suzy vaw so via lymata, lyuhnei osana chata thoti ramawzy chha via lymana nata hrona chito chi nanopa zy leidia via lymana hawpa hmopha leipa hlupi he vaw y lyma ta chysazy hnatla pha leina, nibaw chakhana, si pasana nata eima ty via lyma.

Biepachhana (Conclusion)

Lyurâh obao (Ecosystem), Hrona Chhôpoahlôpa (Biosphere) Apaina (Migration) nata Chipathlazy (Genetic) thatizy chhao a pachhoh theina hawta ei vaw palasa haw. Pikheipa chizy a chha a parei thei naw pata chi a pathlai lai lymana he thata khase awhpa a byu, lyurâh obao tawta eima hmo theipa hmobaozy he khase awhpa keimo eima byupa hlata a hlu via pahryu padah thlathli chakhy awhpa chavei. Tao pathipa chi thiepa zy hlata Khazopa taopa chizy he pabosa awhpa a byu hmeiseipa a cha. Hrona chizy a leidia lei nawpata sahro, lyurâh sa nata thokô rikôzy, hrona chypa chito zy he khase lyma su vy. ”Hrona chito chinanopa chipathlazy khase rili lyurâh obao a bo rili a tah awh”

Chysapa chata hnatlana (Health), eima duahmo chana (Civilizaton), ngiapana (Faith), achuna ky (Education), hro laisiena (Cultural Development) nata thobiena (Economic) hawpa zy he eima lyurâh obao nata pachhaih thai rima awhpa cha lei pata, khizaw hmobao zydua chhao he balie ri hawta liasa (khacha) a chakhi khai pata a patu pakie khai haw. Atano keimo chhao he eima râh liata hrona a hneipazy ano nata chizie hawta a dua parei thei nawpata thata khase via lyma si, keimo a bona a cha cheingei hra awh. Lyurâh obao la sie pata râh a khi kha vyupa ta sahro awhva pasana liata eima daiti sôpa he paso via lyma ei si “thlasipaw daiti mydi no chhiphapa ry liata pavaw sâ rei theipa  a chapa cha a ngia ngasa” he hawpa chysapa ta eima tao thai leipa Khazopa taopazy he pabosa lyma su vy. Keimo marapa pi cha lyu a taona ta nido nata thaobiena a tlupa cha pita ko charei lyu vahna vata a raokeipa lyurâhzy, meila zona vata a kapa lyurâhzy he a ngia khopa cha vei. Kô tato a palypa lyutaona vyu pata sadô taonazy ta pathlai thie sila tapa kho a chhi ngasapa a cha. Lyu raona tawta a puapa meikhu (CO2) he chysapa, thokôzy nata sahrozy chata phana hlata chiena a pei hlu via. Thokô kôkha laisiena he eima thlie khiata cha, eima râh liata thokô lai viapazy khi kô (150) chota a cha chyuawh. Chavata Lyurâh obao pobosa awhpa a peimaw zie pahnona, hmasie viana, palaiseisa lymana chota eima zydua hriakho awhpa chata eima râh liata hrona a hneipa thokô rikô lovia lyma sila, eima khisa toti mia a pakha leipa eima cheipa rai parao leipa ta khase lyma sila, eime daiti sôpa he eime o rai thobiena chata tlao hma via pata ”EIMA CHHEIPA  LYURâH OBAO PABOSAPA HE HRONA CHITO CHI NANOPA CHI PATHLAZY RHOBIENA TAWTA  ELMA LYURâH  OBAO  A BONA A CHA CHEINGEI  AWH”.