Marapa nata Refugee
MARAPA NATA REFUGEE
By Pastor Va Hmo
BIEHMIA
Ata noh eima rah liata social issue laichhaipa he eima rah liata pahra khothaikhaoleina/ykhokhaoleina chata, cha cha refugee vata a cha chai aw tahsila chheihlei aw ma pi. Mara thyutlia chhai khazy khih liata ypa he khohkhao va ei. Khih kha liata ngachhiviapa nata thatloviapa zydua y tla ka ova ei. Chilei-tlaleina, tlarai nata ara-avawna daiti liata hma awpa eima soh kaw ba. Rah laipa la (Third World Countries) sipa he ama pacha via haw ba. Chavata he refugee palophao he achu cheingei awpa a byu haw ba. Eima rah liata hri-ia hawta chavata y khaolei nawpata adyu awpa a byu hawbapata ei pa hno. Chakhiala a hyzy ma adyu aw? Kheita adyuna da a cha aw?
Khizaw liata Refugee he social problem laichaipata a cha haw. United
Nations ta he problem he thata a pacha haw ba. Awnanopazy chhaota a
tatheina hrakha ta a duapahro ha ba hra. Achhapacha ku-chakhipa ta y
thai awpa cha khaoleipa vata a cha.
Chavata he article ta a chhuachaipa cha Mara Thyutlia zydua Refugee tahpa yzie pahno pasia ei sala, chatanachata chana-hmeiseipa liata adua thaithei nawpa he a cha. Chatanachata eima tla via awpata hmaseina lathloh liata khacha eima cha rei thei aw.
He Article liata Part (1); Refugee nata UNHCR Duahmo, Part (2); Myanmar Sawkha nata Refugee Rairuna, nata Part (3); Marapa nata
Refugee Problem, Part (4) liata Ngiapana kaotawta pachuna tahpata palasa awpa a cha. Achhana liata pachanazy nata khokheina nata ahawnazy palasapa a cha aw.
PART (1): REFUGEE NATA UNHCR DUAHMO
1. Hawraw Chhopasiana
Refugee tahpa yzie chhohpasia paki awpa he a ru kaw. Achhapacha a haw raw hmana kawtu vata a cha. Refugee tahpa he Myungyu rei chata, a yzie cha “chysa ahy tleima a yna su tawta su hrola ta ypa chata. Chi/pho vata tleima, ngiapana vata tleima, polictics vata tleima, mei/tipi/thliepi vata o/ lyu hnei khaoleipata su hrolata a pasi hapa he a cha. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) tah cha he hawpazy(reasons) china (a well-founded fear of being persecuted) vata abona su tluapa he a cha, a tah. Refugee tahpa pachana he Convention’s 1967 Protocol nata regional convention zy (Africa nata Latin America) tawta a ypa chata, hmapathao leimapa tlao a cha. Refugee zy he kaokhalata asylum seeker ama tah hra. Khizaw Charia II (World War II) tawta a vaw taopa a cha.
2. Bacground History
Refugee tahpa hawraw he ancient Greekzy nata ancient Egypzy ta ama hmatua chai. Kent chysa King Ethelbert ta AD 600 rachhohta Awna nopa zy ta Suhro lata ytheina tyuvyu (Right to seek Asylum) tahpa raihriana tawta aza hma. League of Nation’ High Commission for Refugees ta 1921
ko ta Fridtjoif Nansen chhithapa ta paduapa a cha. He Commission ta 1,500,000 zy Rusian Revolusion(1917) nata Civil War(1917-1921) nata
Germany liata Nazism vata a mo ho. 1923 ko ta , Armenian Genocide vata one million Armenia chysa ama y hra. He vata U.S. Congress ta Emergency Quota Act 1924 ko ta a tao. 1930 ko ta Nansen International Office for Refugees paduapa cha heita Nansen Passport for refugees tao
vata 1938 ko tan Nobel Peace Prize a vaw hmo.
3. UNHCR Raihria
United Nation chhithana ry liata December 14, 1950 liata paduapa cha ta, Headquarter he Geneva khihpi, Switzerland rah liata a y. UNHCR he
refugee zy, asylum seeker zy nata yna su hneileipa zydua a mohotuhpa a
cha. Nopo-pacharo-vasapa zy pachhana vata UNHCR chhao he 1954 and
1981 kozy ta Nobel Peace Prize a hmo hra. Atahma chhao ra hlupi zy
liata Office patohpa a cha haw. January 1, 2006 ta Khizaw liata 20,751, 900 refugees y ei ta, Asia -8,603,600; Africa - 5,169,300; Europe - 3,666,700, Latin America nata Caribbean - 2,513,000; North America - 716,800; Oceania - 82,500 zy ama cha.
Refugee Yna (Refugee resettlement) program hneita, ata noh taih ta a
vaw hrai ly ma. 2006 ko liata UNHCR tah cha 8,400,000 refugees ama y,
a tah. U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants tah cha 62,000,000
refugees y ei ta, charia vata yna su hneileipa 34,000,000 hlata ama hluvia a tah hra. December 31, 2005 ta refugees hluchaipa rahzy cha Afghanistan, Iraq, Myanmar, Sudan nata Palestinian zy a cha.
April 2000 liata UN High Commissioner for Refugees raihriapazy cha
hehawta a cha.
State Quota (2001) Year established
USA 80,000 1980
Canada 11,000 1978
Australia 10,000 Unknown
Norway 1,500 Unknown
Sweden 1,375 1950
New Zealand 750 1979
Finland 750 1979
Denmark 517 1989
Netherlands 500 1984
UNHCR ta 2008 ko liata 121,000 hlata hluvia refugee zy ama y. Ko 15
chhoh ta hluchaina daiti a cha a tah . Iraq tawta 33,512, Myanmar tawta 30,388 nata Bhutan tawta 23,516 ama y a tah.
4. Refugee law
International Law ry lita refugees law chhao he pahlaopa chata apyhpa
a cha. Cha Law liata hmachaipazy nata hriapazichaipa chhaikhazy cha;
(1) A yna su tawta su hrola y pazy (who are outside their country of
nationality or habitual residence;
(2) Chi/pho, zyhna, rah chyhsa chana nata politics vata china
ahneipazy (who have a well-founded fear of persecution because of
their race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social
group or political opinion)
(3) Cha hawpa china nata sasyh avaina nata a pakhana hneileipazy
(who are unable or unwilling to avail themselves of the protection of
that country, or to return there, for fear of persecution)
PART (2): MYANMAR SAWKHA NATA REFUGEE RAIRUNA
Washington DC liata International Refugee Office 1979 ko ta paduapa
January 6, 2006 report na liata Myanmar he Khizaw liata chysa tyuvyu
parao chaipa (one of the most neglected humanitarian and human rights
crises in the world) sakha a cha a tah. Khapa vata ma tahpa pacha awpa
a byu haw. Phisai Sawkha chhithana vata a cha aw ma? Chaleipata khapa
vata ma eima rah chysazy Refugee a hlu ? A tahmahla liata pahaona
laichhaipa a vaw cha haw ba.
He part (2) ta palasapa cha International Organization zy Myanmar Sawkha cho ta hmona nata raihiana tlapizy a cha.
(1) International Community Hmona
Myanmar sawkha nata thyutly chysazy (ethnic non-Burman nationalities)
likaw liata a hmothaileina he ko 50 hlata a hlu via haw ba. He ahmothaileina vata million hlupi ama yna su tawta khotho la puasaipa ta ama y. Achhapa cha Sawkha ta a ryureina policy vata mopahnaina, vasa pataosana, rie-patheina, hawtizy phisai-pachasana, chano paraona, achhyna khota-laitheileina, hrahra ta kaoli nata rai-pahriasana zydua a pa y sa tahpa ta International Community ta a tah.
Myanmar sawkha ta rah-ri liata o/lyu hneileipata a ypazy moho awpa pachanazy hnei vei. A chysazy deichyu awpa programme hnei hra vei.
Chavata International Community ta Sawkha cho ta pacha-chhinazy hneita hriapazi awpa chhao a tahpa a cha. Chahrasala UN guidelines liata a rah chhoh liata a ypazy chata kaonanopa ta a chhuana nata hriapazina a hnei. A paruchaina suhzy cha charia yna suzy(war-effected zones) liata cha ta. World Health Organization(HWO) ta Myanmar he riethei-taopa rah 191 hryta 190 na liata a y a tah. Asia liata HIV/AIDS hri-ia hlu chaipa hryta sakha a cha a tah hei. He vata United States nata International Aid Community channel zy ta ama moho lymapa a cha.
Myanmar bao awpa ta $ 3 million budget tao tahrawpata, 2008 ko ta US
ta $ 50 million Cyclone Nargis khai tawta a bao. Irrawaddy Delta liata
140,000 ama thie. 2.4 million o/lyu hnei khao va ei. Refugees International chhaota a pacha hmeisei hra. Chahrasala bao khonapa hawta hriatheina Sawkha pielei vata ama no po hmei sei. Chahrasala, International Community ta Myanamar he achhapa sa pali (Four key reasons) vata a bao.
1. Baotuh hneileipata riethei taopazy,
2. Khihtla paduapathiena nata hriapazituhpa NGOzy
3. Demogracy paduana nata dusawta politics pathlainawpa chata.
4. Chana duahmo taopathiena nata buaba-tyhreina nata rah-diana paduana
(peace building) chata.
(2) UNHRC Hmona
1988 ko democracy movement chota taopasana(vasa-rietheina) vata baotuhpa rah chhaikhazy bao awpa hnoh ama sy. Chatawla hrie-ia photozy, sipasanazy, chakanazy nata tovyu hneileina (human rights abuses)zy apo viangala a tah. UNHRC chhaota thata he zydua y khaolei nawpata ahawna hnei ly ma. International Humanitarian Aid chhaikhazy sawkha ku lata tlotyh vata pakhana (saction) ama hnei pahpa a cha. Chavata hmiatuachaita Myanamar Sawkha ta a chysazy khotalaina nata tovyuzy (human rights) a pahneisa cheingei aw a tah. He ahawna he sawkha ta pi-patloh khia cha baona nata pakhana zy a byuna hawta pahypa a cha aw a tah.
UN High Commissioner for Refugees office (UNHCR), Yangon, ta sawkha
lata hriapazie-theina pasaina a hia. 2003 survey taopa liata 214,000 community-based organizations nata 270 local non-governmental organizations zy operate ama tao ly ma. Achhapacha International
Organization zy hlata International Agency zy nata local network zy
hria-pakaopa he a hlaotlo via tahpa ama ngiapa. Thailand-based group zy chhaota nie-dozy, thohnazy, achuna liatazy nata ahropa peimawpa zydua Refugee zy a baonga hra. Aryla hawta duahmo a cha.
REFUGEES AND ASYLUM-SEEKERS FROM MYANMAR — MAIN COUNTRIES OF ASYLUM (see 2005 UNHCR Statistical Yearbook, pages 430-431)
Refugee population, end of year–main countries of asylum (main countries in 2005)
Asylum country 1996 - 1997 - 1998 -1999 - 2000 - 2001 -2002 - 2003 - 2004 2005
Thailand 104,033 - 105,216 - 101,686 - 99,716 - 104,569 - 110,313 - 112,238
118,762 - 120,814 - 116,499
Bangladesh 30,578 - 21,497 - 22,174 - 22,131 - 21,556 - 22,106 -
21,967 - 19,743 - 20,402 - 21,053
Malaysia 5,114 - 5,104 - 5,113 - 5,136 - 5,134 - 5,151 - 5,247 -
4,152 - 9,601 - 14,208
United States 8 10 - 1,135 - 1,508 - 2,079 - 3,006 - 5,268 - 5,551 -
4,789 - 5,342 - 6,793
India 4 - 40 - 463 - 588 - 696 - 779 - 876 - 1,043 - 9 40 - 1,162 - 1,471
Other 2,042 - 2,357 - 2,338 - 1,905 - 2,084 - 2,142 - 2,455 - 2,998 -
3,692 - 4,840
Total 143,017 - 135,772 - 133,407 - 131,663 - 137,128 - 145,856 -
148,501 - 151,384, - 161,013 - 164,864
(3) UNDP nata UNICEF Hmona
Myanmar he resource hneiroh kawpa cha tahrawpata Khizaw liata sipasa chaipa rah zy hryta pakha a cha, a tah. UN Development Program ta GDP per capital he a hnaichaipa (13)na liata a y. UNICEF ta cha ko(5) ry hawti tlaleipazy he 1000 liata 104 ama y a tah. Africa reileipa ta Afghanistan khai ta Myanmar he a cha. HIV nata malaria nata hri-ia hropazy Southeast Asia liata a hlu chai a tah.
(4) International Rescue Committee (IRC)
IRC he 1976 ko tawta Vietnam, Laos nata Cambodia tawta Refugee rai a hria haw. 1984 tawta Thailand rah-rie liata ypa Myanmar Refugee zy ama moho pa thao. 140,000 rahchhoh ama y a tah. Eastern Myanmar liata 450000 nata
Economic vata nie-do rairupazy 1.5 million Thailand liata ama y a tah.
AMNESTY International Malaysia ta Malaysian government hnoh ta
Myanmar refugee zy pahnokhei awpata a chho. Asean member nata member
of the United Nations Human Rights Council chapa hawta sawkha ta human
rights pabosa awpa nata palaiseisa awpa ta rah tota tha ama patlo sai.
(5) Chin Refugee Duahmo
Eima rah duahmo palasa awpa cha vata Chin chysa zydua duahmo he palasa
tua awpa a byuh. 1988 ko pro-democracy atliena (movement) vata nata chakhai tawta Chin chysazy refugee nata asylum seeker ta rah hro lata ama vaw pua ly ma. India nata Malaysia he second country ta pachapata ama y hlu chai.
Chin chysa hlu viata Mizoram, India la he ama si hlu chai. Statistics
sianopa taotheileipa chhao ta pangiasana he 60000-80000 ama y aw. New
Dehli liata UNHCR mohona a daopazy ama y holo hra. 2007 ko ta 1800 rachho ama ypa hryta 1000 rachhoh he refugee status ta a pypa ama cha. 300 Chin case pazy register ama tao a tah. 2006 ko tawta Dehli UNHCR chhao
Third Country la sitheina patopatiana rai avaw hria lyma hra. Apeimawpa cha India he population hlupa chavata Refugee status ta a ypazy nie-do runahna ama hnei cho. YMCA ta refugee hawti school achuna liata a bao ly ma. Voluntary Health Association of Delhi(VHAD) ta Chieleina (basic health-care services) chocha a mo ho.
Chin Human Right Organization (CHRO) ta cha a chychaita 60,000 Chin
refugees India liata y ei ta, 20,000 rachhoh Malaysia liata ama y a tah. Human Rights Watch ta cha 40,000 nata 50,000 rachhoh Chin chysazy Mizoram, India liata ama y a tah. UNHRC ta May 2008 liata Myanmar chysa 33,000 hryta Chin chysa 12,400 Malaysia liata Refugee register taopa ama y a tah.
PART (3) : MARAPA NATA REFUGEE PROBLEM
Refugee tahpa hawraw nata duahmozy eima palasa haw. Chahrasala Marapa he refugee ma eima cha, khapa duahmo liata ma eima y, tahpa keimo sasyh ta pathluathaina nata apahnothaina eima hneithei nawpa ta refugee nata a lyudaimapa hawrawzy bahta eima palasa via hei tua aw. Cha hawraw zy chhao maluh-mohona hawraw zy(migration categories) liata a cha khi khai.
(1) Refugees: Chysa a hytleima chi-pho vata tlyma, ngiapana vata tlyma, sawkha ryureina vata tlyma, achhapa sa kha kha vata china hneipa vata a yna su tawta su hro-rahro lata apasihapazy he ama cha. He achhapazy vata china palophao pakha theikhaoleina he a cha. Rah hropa la tawta ama yna su (ama rah) la ama kua pakhua thei. Anoh deikuala kheitlyna (option) ama hnei tarawpa ta khuapa thie awpa he hmo naopa cha vei.
(2) Asylum Seekers: UN ta cha ama chana pahnopa ta he china zy tawta
thlahlohna hnei khoh vata refugee hawta hiana (applied for refugee) a hneipazy he ama cha. Chahrasala thati-daotuhpazy (media) ta cha he a
chhapazy tawta abohna, thlahlohna hnei kho vata suh hro lata ypazy he
ama cha a tah.
(3) Internal Displaced Persons: A rah liata yna suh hneileipa zy he chysa tovyu hneilei vata, charia vata, nie-do chakana vata, o-lao araohapa vata khohthaileina cho ta suh hro la apasipazy he ama cha.
(4) Economic Migrants: Ati-avyna phaviana khoh vata suh hro la ypazy
ama cha. Chahrasala su (4) ta a pa chhai;
(a) Highly skilled and business migrants: Ama thaina ki vata rah khotho la tawta awpa ta tlyma, International Labour Market tawta rai charohpa ta tlyma rah hro liata ypazy he ama cha. He zy he professional zy ama cha. EU liata cha “Blue Card”(a rah chysa hawta y theina) chhao ama hnei.
(b) Temporary Labour Migrants: Phaosa tlua awpa ta rah hro
la buakha ta ypazy ama cha.
(c) Guest workers: Rah hrola tawta awpazy cha ei ta, Temporary Residence chhao ama hnei. Extension tao theileimapa a cha. Chahrasala citizenship nata political participation hnei thei va ei.
(d) Seasonal workers: Buakha ta khi-cha daiti noh ta chi-chie raizy, Restaurent liazy, ahropa rai zy vata suh hro-rah hro la ypazy ama cha.
(5) Irregular Migrants: He zy he Undocumented Migrant zy ama ta hra.
Human Trafficking nata Migrant Smuggling zy ama hlu chai. Tawla ama rah
tlo tawta visa zy hiapa ta a ypazy ama cha hra. Kaokhalata khokheina/apyna yleipa (illegal) ta suh hro liata a ypazy he ama cha.
(6) Returnee Migrants: UN ta cha daiti pachho chhao, pasipa ta suh hro-rah hro liata yta a yna suh/rah la a kua hawpazy he ama cha a tah. Ama rah ngiaba vata a kuapazy, chaleipa chhaota achhapa sa kha kha vata a rah la a kuapazy nata khohthaileina chota ama rah la pasisapazy ama cha. Theitai nawpa ta 2007 ko liata Mizoram liata illegal ta a ypa chin chysazy Maw sawkha ta a kaw papuapa hawpazy he ama cha.
Chakhiala Refugee hawraw nata lyupa hawraw chhaikhazy eima palasa haw.
A ta noh ta Marapazy rah hro-su hro liata eima ypa he a cho liata palasapa sa kha kha vata a cha aw. Chavata kei he khapa vata ma rah hro-suh hro liata ei y. Sawkha chhithana vata ma? Natural or human made disasters vata ma? Nama pokha khotlypa ma? Keima pokha hmona nata ngiapana ta cha he zy hryta aphaleipazy ypa hawta aphapazy a y hra, ei tah.
Cha zydua hryta ei palo-phakholeipa cha eima paloruphao nata pachana
liata khapama ei cha, tahpa eima pasia theileipa he a cha. Asiakawpata duahmo a pahno awpa he ei khochaipa a cha. Reikhopa cha eima khosaipa liata khapa ma, a tahma he khapa ma, nata hmiala khapa duahmo liata ma eima y aw tahpa he argument taokhohchaipa a vaw cha. Chavata hmiatua-biehmia (introduction) liata Refugee Hrie-ia tahpa hawraw hmapa ta Mara Thyutliazy pahno kawviana hnei ei sala khotlyna ama hnei thai cho awpa he cha ta. Ei rei chei vatly ma, chahrasala keima pokha hmona a cha, ata noh liata Marapazy palophao he acho liata palasapa hawrawzy liata khochhitu leipa, hezy kaoleipa ta kaohropa a y khao leipa hawta eima pacha vata a su chhi hawpa hlupi eima ypa ta ei pa hno.
Ei viasa phachaipa Paw Mei Thie (Malay liata y no ta, a tahma USA)
nata reipahmaona (dialogue) eima hnei. Kau Paw (Sabyhpi-Matupi - a ta
hma Malaysia) chhao a ei hra. Refugee tahpa ei hmona dah ei na hriahri
ei. He hawta ei vaw chy; “Refugee status leipa ta rah hro la puapa he ei cha kho khei chai ei”, ei vaw tah. Africa liata y no ta he thati thata reipahmaona (argument) a y tyh. Achhapacha Refugee Problem he Africa liata Social Issue laichaipa a cha vata. Africa liata Sei (slavery system)) a y ha chy. Professor zy ta reipa cha, he zy hawta chana-hro-duahmo ( values of Human Life) nata ama pa kho. Chahrasala International Humanitarian Organization ta cha paloru- phao (ethics) nata a zaona hnei vata phana hawraw sai ta ama hma. Achhapa sa kha kha (any reason) vata duahmo a vaw ypa cha vata a cha.
Ata noh he Nochhi Marapa dei cha khao vei. Notla Marapa chhao ta refugee a hnei haw ba hra. India Sawkha chhithana vata a cha ma? A chhapa khapa ma a cha? Khizaw ta India sawkha chhithana he a mopa tla (Ideal) a cha, ama tah sai. He Third World Country zy la he eima beiseipa, eima khopa sa kha kha y vata chana hnochhypa ta (value of human life) Refugee status ta lathloh eima tlua khia la chha a vaw y awpazy liata khapa duahmo ma eima tlo ba va tlei? Ngiapatuhpa eima cha vata thlahchhana chhao ta eima tao sai, eima ria pha.
International community zy( UNHCR, ICRC, IRC, hpz.) ta “nama la refugee a vaw ngia la ta tla vei ei”. Chahrasala million ta mo-hohpa ta ama ei. Khapavata maw? Achhapa sa kha kha vata eima chana (human value & dignity) pahlei awpa duahmo (inhumanized) cha vata chysa pachasa pathiena (humanized) pa he ama palophao a cha. Achhapa y leipa ta keimo sasyh ta inhumanized khiala eima value nata dignity eima pa hlei haw tahna a cha.
Ata noh Africa liata million ta riethei-vasa taopazy ama y. International community zyta chhaikhazy refugee ta a py hlei vei. Third Country tlo kho vata hohipa ta achhapazy tluapa ta ama y. Myanmar-Thai rahri liata Ban Mai Nai Soi camp liata 18,111 Karenni refugee zy ama y. Camp zydua liata 116,000 nata 135,000 refugee zy ama y. Amo duahmo he achha-hmeiseipa a hneipazy ama cha. O-lyu, chhokha sanaw, khih-rah zy ngiaba leipa hawta ama y. Chasala Organization zy ta nie-dozy, abusaizy, thohnazy, achuna school fee zy ama bao ly ma. Khazohpa ngiachhina vata a ta noh taihta Marapazy he hawpa dua hmo tloma ma pi. Beichaipa cha ei rei thai.
PART(4): THATIPHA ACHUNA TAWTA HMONA
Biehrai achungahaipa nata Pastor chana tawta ei vaw cha lua khoh. Chakhiala Thatipha ngiapana la tawta (Theological perspective) palasa awpa ei vaw cha aw. Refugee tahpa pachana liata kao (2) lata chhopasiana a y. Kao kha cha ngiaryleina hmona (negative aspect) nata khao kha hei ta ngiaryna hmona (possitive aspect) zy he a cha. He hawta chhopasiana hnei si la;
(1) Ngiaryleina tawta hmona (Negative aspect)
Part (3) liata palasa hawpa hawta kheitahma ta refugee he khochhihpa cha vei. Anoh deikua kha hawpa achhapa hnei vata a vaw puapa acha. Eima rah (Myanmar) he khizaw liata sipasachaipa nata achysazy tovyu hneileina tawta, khizawpi ta dyhchhichaipa rah ta pahnopa a cha. Chaliata Marapa chhao he alei-theileipa hawta he duahmo he eima tlopa a cha.
Eima no/paw chha daiti liata he hawpa duahmo zatloba leipa ei ta (refugee ta rah hro lata ypa), khih salahpa pakha (chhokha) khih hrola a paly awpa hma ama za thlyu tyh. Daiti a nano khaw ba. Ata hma chha deikua cha thlyu tahpa ei khao vei. Nie-dozy, hawtizy a chuna su phavia la zy, nata ahropa sa kha kha vata ama khona lata apaly lymapa a cha haw. Thlyu-pa cha mawsala ama ma nie-do na pie aw tahpa ta eima chy haw bah. Cha zydua hla ta peimawchapa cha Third World Countries eima tlo khoh sai. Chasala cha suh la tlokho vata keimo sasyh ta refugee eima pa cha sapa he khochhituleipa hawta ei hmo. Khazohpa ta mia piepa eima chana ma (Human value nata dignity) pahlei haw khiapima ei tah. Chysa kholeipa taopa hlata Khazoh kholeipa taopa he apei maw via tahpata ei ngiapa.
Chatawla ata hma he chhokha liata a ypa ngachhiviapa satlia/laisa zydua khih liata y tla khao va ei. Y khokhao hra va ei. Kaolie phaohpa y khao hra va ei. Phanoh/chhinoh lia ama tah awpa ei khao hra va ei. Khihchho tlarai a hria awpa ei khao hra va ei. He hawpa duahmo liata eima y haw. Chha a vaw y awpa liata khapama eima lyu ba va tly?
(2) Ngiaryna tawta Hmona (Possitive aspect)
Refugee tahpa he a kho hawpa chha hlupi tawta a za y haw. Ama za hma haw hra (Part-one liata moh teh). Kaokhalata Biehrai Parohpa nata Biehrai Thiepa
daiti taw chhaota za y hawpa a vaw cha. Hmiatuata Abraha he a o nata lyuzy, khihsazy nata chhokha sanawzy ngiabaleipa ta Khazohpa bietaina liata a vaw ypa acha (At.12:1). Izarel thati he sunday school tawta eima vaw chu haw. Amo he khohchhithaileipa duahmo (nie-do phahlanazy, chariapa ku liata ama yna zy, tovyu chhunazy, nata a hropa vasa-rietheina hlupi liata daiti hlupi ama za pahryu haw. Khazohpa chhithana liata y ei ta, achhyna hneileima ei ta, kaokhalata Khazohpa palo patla kaw ei ta, chatanachata Mawsi hmapata byhna photo chhaota rah-taihpa la cha ama vaw tlo. Leilo zydua taihta reithai awpa ama khoh. Biehrai Thiepa liata Khazohpa palotla chaina cha sipasapazy thatipha tlokheipa, mochaopazy mo pavasapa, machhisapa zy thlalohna piepa, hpz. he a cha. Chakhiata cha thatipha raihia he hriapazipa (practical) a cha eima tah aw.
Khapa hmata apualeipa (natural resourses) rah liata eima y nata khizaw hmaseina chadai awpa he a ru kaw. Nie nata do, abu nata asai phahlapa liata
eima nawtaezy, eima sawzy khei ta e achuna liata eima chhitha thei aw.
BIE-PACHHANA: BIE-TAENA NATA AHAWNA
Eima rah liata Refugee he eima buakheipa sa kha hawta chata pahaona
laichaipa chhao a cha, tahpa cha eima pahno haw ba. Anoh dei kua he pahao na he Sawkha tama a chy aw, chaleipachhaota Awnanopa ma, tahpa dei kua he pacha awpa a phapata ei pa hno. He hawpa khihtla buakheipa (Social issue) pathlana liata Sawkha ryureina (theithaivia nawpata ZaYaKa or VCP) nata Awnanopa zy ku liata a pa hnie. Chazyhlata pokha liata tlao a pa hnie via hei. Chavata pachana, khokheina nata ahawna zy he hawta ei vaw hnei;
(1) Nochhi Marasawzy lata
Eima chana duahmo eima pa hno, tahpa he ei ngiapa. Refugee hrie-ia mia
ka chaipa cha keimo he eima cha. Reisila chheihlei aw ma pi. Phisai sawkha chhithana vata he hawpa duahmo eima tlo tahpa apyna nata ngiapana ei khiata cha apokhana palophao nata riaphana chhao ta a dyu awpa a byu. Zayaka, MTP, MSA nata Awnanopa zydua chhao ta Thyutliazy he thati he no pavasa awpa (convinced) a pha. Chatanachata khotleina ama hnei tita cha chhaocha eima rah chata hmaseina hawta a cha aw.
(2) Notla Marasawzy lata
Myanmar sawkha chhithana mia pahno khei tuhpa nama cha. Eima riethei-rairuna mia pahno kheituhpa nama cha hleikho ta eima luh nyuna nama cha. Chhi-pha daiti liata eima pahniepa nama cha. Marapa ahyhma ta Refugee khoh tla ma pi. Chahrasala he hawpa duahmo liata eima y haw. Keima pokha hmona ta cha eima sawkha he pathlaina y vei mawsala chha a vaw ei awpa daiti liata nochhi Marapa chi a lei nawpa a nao ta ei tah. Marapa rah (Nochhi) he namo ei a cha hra ei ta kho. Chavata Awnanopa chhao, MTP,MSO nata a hropa NGOzy, a ei viachaipata MADC zydua eima rah hmaseina lathloh mia tluakhei via lyma teh u.
(3) Rah-hro lata aypa Marasawzy lata
Marapa rah khotho lata a ypa zydua rah nata a chysa kyh apachapa sai eima cha. Achhapa sa kha kha vata rah hro la a tlopa eima cha. Khapa suh eima tlo chhaota eima pathiepaloru he a pei maw chai. Cha na pathiepaloru cha na chhithathai khiata cha nama nata na vaizy(na chysazy) chata hmosohpa a cha aw. Eima chhithatai vei khia hmaseina lathloh a pahleipa eima cha aw. Chavata eima chana duahmo pahnothaina chhaota hmia toh lyma su vy.
Achhana liata taolataopazy, riethei-vasa taopazy, tlaleipazy, tyuvyu chhuhaw pazy, no-die dahphipazy nata ngiapana pahlei hawpazy chata Khazohpa la a heipata tiama papua lyma ei suh vy.
REFERENCES
(1) Refugee number statistics taken from ‘Refugee’, Encyclopaedia
Britannica CD Edition 2004.
(2) Peter Fell and Debra Hayes, “What are they doing here? A critical
guide to asylum and immigration.” Venture Press 2007.
(3)Matthew J. Gibney,”The Ethics and Politics of Asylum: Liberal Democracy
and the Response to Refugees,” Cambridge University Press2004
(4) Michael Robert Marrus, The Unwanted: European refugees in the 20th
century, Oxford University Press 1985
(5) Louise W.Holborn, Refugees: A Problem of Our Time, Vol.1,
Scarecrow Press, 1975.
(6) Dariell Jackson & Alessia Passarelli, Mapping Migration: Churches
Responses in Europe, WCC Prerss, 2008.
(7) ICRC Bulletin, Geneva, 2008.
(8) http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/news/opendoc.htm
(9) http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp
(10) http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf
